Geography during 2011 was an excellent experience with Mr Cavallaro. I particularly liked the use of blogs in the class as it helped us with our learning experience with the many tools that it encompasses. Throughout the year we used these blogs to complete our classwork and I thought this was a good, different and unique approach to class. Our school certificate revision was particularly good, using the blog system and it helped me to prepare for the exam very well. Overall, I think you were an excellent teacher throughout the year sir, and I thoroughly enjoyed Geography during 2011.
There is not much to improve on next year because it was up to such a high standard this year. Thank you again for being a great teacher in 2011.
Wednesday, November 9, 2011
Wednesday, October 12, 2011
Year 10: Let the Games Begin
There are many geographical processes relevant to coastal management. The first of these is a waste zone. This is the coastal hinterland and the inner continental shelf and everything in-between. There are also others such as sustainable management which is using resources in a way that will meet the needs of the present population without endangering the ability of future generation’s needs.
In coastal management, the weather and condition of the seas is greatly relevant to coastal management. Waves are one of the largest contributors to beach erosion and the like which affect coastal management. Waves are formed by wind blowing over an open stretch of water called a fetch. Other geographical processes that affect coastal management are swash and backwash. These are the movement of waves up the beach caused by the increase of the wave’s height and the spilling over of the crest causing it to break up onto the beach and the movement of wash returning back to the sea.
In coastal management, the weather and condition of the seas is greatly relevant to coastal management. Waves are one of the largest contributors to beach erosion and the like which affect coastal management. Waves are formed by wind blowing over an open stretch of water called a fetch. Other geographical processes that affect coastal management are swash and backwash. These are the movement of waves up the beach caused by the increase of the wave’s height and the spilling over of the crest causing it to break up onto the beach and the movement of wash returning back to the sea.
Wednesday, September 7, 2011
US/Australia Defence Agreements
1. The US and Australia are currently agreeing to a deal which involves giving US Forces greater access to Australian Bases, including the Port of Darwin, HMAS Stirling, Townsville Army Base and Bradshaw Training Area in the NT. It will also allow for greater US Access to all Australian Air Force Bases, Army Bases and Navy Bases.
2. The name of the summit where they will meet is called the AUSMIN Summit.
3. The US is specifically reacting to China in this agreement.
4. US Planners are looking to achieve greater co-operation between Australia and the United States and so the US can maintain a very strong presence in Asia & South East-Asia.
5. Other key areas for discussion at the talks will be cyber security, progress in Afghanistan and the state of the Joint Strike Fighter project. Australia plans to buy up to 100 of the revolutionary multi-role jets to replace the RAAF's F-111 bombers, retired last year, and its F/A-18 Hornets.
6. This means big things for Australia's future in Regional and Global Contexts with Australia maintaining large numbers of US Forces on their soil which will be used very regularly.
2. The name of the summit where they will meet is called the AUSMIN Summit.
3. The US is specifically reacting to China in this agreement.
4. US Planners are looking to achieve greater co-operation between Australia and the United States and so the US can maintain a very strong presence in Asia & South East-Asia.
5. Other key areas for discussion at the talks will be cyber security, progress in Afghanistan and the state of the Joint Strike Fighter project. Australia plans to buy up to 100 of the revolutionary multi-role jets to replace the RAAF's F-111 bombers, retired last year, and its F/A-18 Hornets.
6. This means big things for Australia's future in Regional and Global Contexts with Australia maintaining large numbers of US Forces on their soil which will be used very regularly.
Sunday, September 4, 2011
Go Back to Where you Came from Reflection
- What is your initial reaction to the show.
The show is a very exposing show. It highlights all the issues that are present in Australian Refugee society and all the way back to the source countries. I enjoyed the show throughout the course of the Journey for the Australians.
- What percentage of immigrants are refugees?
1.5% of Immigrants are refugees.
- Why does such a small number of people make for such a big deal both politically and in the media? (Give your opinion)A small number number of people makes such a big deal because of their treatment in other countries and also scrutiny on the treatment of people in Australia.
- Where does Australia rank among countries accepting refugees?
Australia ranks 18th among countries accepting refugees.
- To what extent do we have an obligation to help other people suffering in the world? (your opinion)
We have an obligation to help people suffering in the world because we are more fortunate than them and we can afford to help them without affecting ourselves financially or anything.
- How much extra support do refugees receive in comparison to other Australian citizens?
Refugees receive the exact same amount of support in comparison to other Australian's
- How many Asian nations have signed the UN Refugee Convention?
11 Asian Nations have signed the UN Refugee Convention.
- Why is it important to note that Malaysia has not signed the UN Refugee Convention? What does this mean for refugees in Malaysia?
It is important to note that Malaysia has not signed the UN Refugee Convention because of Australia's controversial refugee swap with Malaysia, which has now been cancelled. This means that refugees are subject to very bad treatment and conditions in Malaysia while under refugee status.
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
Page 213 Q1-12
1. Urban Sprawl is the term used when a city expands outwards, often for many kilometers as opposed to Urban Consolidation, when current land in the city is redeveloped into high density accommodation.
2. Urban Consolidation is when city planners redeveloped current land and properties in a city to higher density housing or apartments. This is opposed to Urban Sprawl, as explained in Question 1.
3. A highly urbanized country is a country that has either a very large percentage of land urbanized, or a country that has the majority of its population living in an Urban Environment. Australia is an example of a highly urbanized population and Hong Kong is an example of both a country with a high percentage of land urbanized and a large percentage of population urbanized.
4. Three statistics that suggest Australia is a highly urbanized country are that it has high population density in cities, it has the majority of the population working in manufacturing and/or professional and service related industries and it is a centre for business, trade, tourism, entertainment and finance.
5. The factors that have influence the location of Australia's major cities are their location to the coast to enable easy access and transport, and access to key resources.
6. Population density is how many people live in a certain area and it is usually measured by how many people live in a square kilometer. It is often related to urban sprawl because when cities have high population density they can expand into low population density suburbs, which are essentially products of urban sprawl.
7. Most Australian cities compare around average, or slightly lower than average for major world cities.
8. The advantages of this are that the infrastructure is already built and ready for use, so no money has to be built on building new infrastructure, which can be extremely costly and time enduring.
9.
2. Urban Consolidation is when city planners redeveloped current land and properties in a city to higher density housing or apartments. This is opposed to Urban Sprawl, as explained in Question 1.
3. A highly urbanized country is a country that has either a very large percentage of land urbanized, or a country that has the majority of its population living in an Urban Environment. Australia is an example of a highly urbanized population and Hong Kong is an example of both a country with a high percentage of land urbanized and a large percentage of population urbanized.
4. Three statistics that suggest Australia is a highly urbanized country are that it has high population density in cities, it has the majority of the population working in manufacturing and/or professional and service related industries and it is a centre for business, trade, tourism, entertainment and finance.
5. The factors that have influence the location of Australia's major cities are their location to the coast to enable easy access and transport, and access to key resources.
6. Population density is how many people live in a certain area and it is usually measured by how many people live in a square kilometer. It is often related to urban sprawl because when cities have high population density they can expand into low population density suburbs, which are essentially products of urban sprawl.
7. Most Australian cities compare around average, or slightly lower than average for major world cities.
8. The advantages of this are that the infrastructure is already built and ready for use, so no money has to be built on building new infrastructure, which can be extremely costly and time enduring.
9.
Urban Sprawl
1. Urban Sprawl: Northern Beaches Urban Sprawl:
The Northern Beaches are an example of Urban Sprawl as they are not a heavily built up and extend out from the centre of city to reaches that are up to 20km from the city centre. They rely on mainly buses and large roads for infrastructure and there are many shopping centres built around the beaches in the area.
Urban Consolidation: Waitara
The Suburb of Waitara, in Northern Sydney is an example of Urban Consolidation. Almost the entire suburb is made up of high density, high rise apartment buildings. The area relies on the infrastructure of CityRail's North Shore train line and the large Pacific Highway. It is also located near the main northern exit of Sydney, the Sydney to Newcastle Freeway, commonly known as the F3.
2. In Urban Consolidation, It is mainly the State Government of New South Wales that is involved in the development of high density accommodation in areas such as Waitara, however it is also the responsibility of the developers such as Meriton to build and market the buildings. It is obviously the responsibility of the State Government to develop appropriate infrastructure for the Urban Consolidation. There are also opposition groups involved that are opposed to the developments of Urban Consolidation in the Sydney Metropolitan area, many of these are citizen formed groups.
3. The New South Wales State Government is involved heavily in the process of Urban Sprawl. The Government will usually dictate which areas are to be developed as areas of urban sprawl. Examples of these are the North West Growth Sector and the South West Growth West Sector in Sydney. These are large areas that are designated to be developed into Urban Sprawl suburbs with extra infrastructure to be built for them, such as roads, bus routes and possibly new train lines.
The Development companies such as Meriton have a very large task in the process of Urban Sprawl as they are the people that design and construct the houses and villages in the Urban Sprawl areas such as the North West Growth Sector. They can also be responsible to design places such as public parks and plazas, and shopping centres.
4. There can be positive or negative responses to the issue, the obvious negative response is that there is a drastic population increase as a result of the Urban Sprawl and Urban Consolidation and this can cause a very big strain on resources in the area and the infrastructure that might not be able to cope very well with the sudden massive increase in population in the area.
The Northern Beaches are an example of Urban Sprawl as they are not a heavily built up and extend out from the centre of city to reaches that are up to 20km from the city centre. They rely on mainly buses and large roads for infrastructure and there are many shopping centres built around the beaches in the area.
Urban Consolidation: Waitara
2. In Urban Consolidation, It is mainly the State Government of New South Wales that is involved in the development of high density accommodation in areas such as Waitara, however it is also the responsibility of the developers such as Meriton to build and market the buildings. It is obviously the responsibility of the State Government to develop appropriate infrastructure for the Urban Consolidation. There are also opposition groups involved that are opposed to the developments of Urban Consolidation in the Sydney Metropolitan area, many of these are citizen formed groups.
3. The New South Wales State Government is involved heavily in the process of Urban Sprawl. The Government will usually dictate which areas are to be developed as areas of urban sprawl. Examples of these are the North West Growth Sector and the South West Growth West Sector in Sydney. These are large areas that are designated to be developed into Urban Sprawl suburbs with extra infrastructure to be built for them, such as roads, bus routes and possibly new train lines.
The Development companies such as Meriton have a very large task in the process of Urban Sprawl as they are the people that design and construct the houses and villages in the Urban Sprawl areas such as the North West Growth Sector. They can also be responsible to design places such as public parks and plazas, and shopping centres.
4. There can be positive or negative responses to the issue, the obvious negative response is that there is a drastic population increase as a result of the Urban Sprawl and Urban Consolidation and this can cause a very big strain on resources in the area and the infrastructure that might not be able to cope very well with the sudden massive increase in population in the area.
Military - Australia/United States Alliance
1. Stephen Smith is the Minister of Defence for Australia and he is in charge of the Department of Defence and the Australian Defence Force.
2. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organisation based in Washington D.C. Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, and global economy and development.
3. The alliance plays a major role in Australia's strategic and security arrangements because we have the support of the United States in every major conflict and we are in a very strategic position on the globe.
4. The location of Australia is very important in the alliance because we are the only major US ally in the South Pacific/South East Asia region and we are in a very strategic location in anything involved with China.
5. Australia has made major contributions to this alliance in the last 50 years in things such as hosting Joint Defence Facilities in the United States and Australia, Holding and participating in major Military Training Exercises and participating in conflicts alongside the United States such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, Iraq War and the current conflict against the Taliban in Afghanistan.
6. The Minister says that Australian companies add value to the United States and the United States economy.
7. The Minister points out information about the company because it highlights the strength of joint US-Australian companies. It highlights that Australia and the United States both have a very healthy economic relationship with each other.
8. China is the country central to Australia's relationships in the region.
9. Australia is trying to foster China into emerging as a harmonious environment that does not pose a threat to world peace.
10. This is important to Australia because China will be the major world economy in just over a decade and they are a major military power so it is important to grow in conjunction with them to avoid harm to our country and our economy.
1. The United States is planning on placing permanent forces in Australia
10. This is important to Australia because China will be the major world economy in just over a decade and they are a major military power so it is important to grow in conjunction with them to avoid harm to our country and our economy.
1. The United States is planning on placing permanent forces in Australia
Wednesday, July 27, 2011
Immigration
1. According to international refugee law, a refugee is someone who seeks refuge in a foreign country because of war and violence, or out of fear of persecution. The United States recognizes persecution "on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group" as grounds for seeking asylum. Until a request for refuge has been accepted, the person is referred to as an asylum seeker. Only after the recognition of the asylum seeker's protection needs, he or she is officially referred to as a refugee and enjoys refugee status, which carries certain rights and obligations according to the legislation of the receiving country.
2. People have many reasons to leave their country to come to Australia such as War, Famine, Political Opinion, Racism and Religion.
3. A person will only be granted Asylum after recognition of their protection needs which carries certain rights and obligations.
4. Most Asylum Seekers that come to Australia come from countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Iran, Indonesia & Malaysia.
Video Questions
1. The Deal with Malaysia states that Australia will send 800 Asylum Seekers to Malaysia in exchange for 4000 Genuine Refugees who's cases have been verified by the United Nations Refugee Agency.
2. The deal states that they will be treated with dignity and respect by the Malaysia Security Forces and they will have human rights protected. Australia will be covering the costs of health and education expenses. They will also have the right to work.
3. Malaysian Asylum Seekers are often rounded up and put into detention camps. They also face harsh punishments such as caning and breaches of Human Rights.
4. Yes, Children are being sent to Malaysia but they have access to health and education sources.
5. The 500+ people will now be processed in Australia rather than overseas in places such as Papua New Guinea as was previously announced.
6. Refugee Advocates worry that there is no way that the Australian Government can guarantee that Human Rights won't be breached for the Asylum Seekers in Malaysia.
7. The Goal of this swap program is to receive genuine refugees while giving Asylum Seekers to countries with much less of an Asylum Seeker Problem.
8. I don't think it will work because I agree with the fact that the Gillard Government has no way of guaranteeing that Human Rights will not be breached in Malaysia and that the program will get too out of hand for the Australian Government to handle.
2. People have many reasons to leave their country to come to Australia such as War, Famine, Political Opinion, Racism and Religion.
3. A person will only be granted Asylum after recognition of their protection needs which carries certain rights and obligations.
4. Most Asylum Seekers that come to Australia come from countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Iran, Indonesia & Malaysia.
Video Questions
1. The Deal with Malaysia states that Australia will send 800 Asylum Seekers to Malaysia in exchange for 4000 Genuine Refugees who's cases have been verified by the United Nations Refugee Agency.
2. The deal states that they will be treated with dignity and respect by the Malaysia Security Forces and they will have human rights protected. Australia will be covering the costs of health and education expenses. They will also have the right to work.
3. Malaysian Asylum Seekers are often rounded up and put into detention camps. They also face harsh punishments such as caning and breaches of Human Rights.
4. Yes, Children are being sent to Malaysia but they have access to health and education sources.
5. The 500+ people will now be processed in Australia rather than overseas in places such as Papua New Guinea as was previously announced.
6. Refugee Advocates worry that there is no way that the Australian Government can guarantee that Human Rights won't be breached for the Asylum Seekers in Malaysia.
7. The Goal of this swap program is to receive genuine refugees while giving Asylum Seekers to countries with much less of an Asylum Seeker Problem.
8. I don't think it will work because I agree with the fact that the Gillard Government has no way of guaranteeing that Human Rights will not be breached in Malaysia and that the program will get too out of hand for the Australian Government to handle.
Monday, July 25, 2011
Australia as a Nuclear Target
1. Kevin Rudd holds the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Australian Government. He is responsible for overseeing the International Diplomacy of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
2. Mr Rudd's concern is that Australia could be under direct threat from long range North Korean nuclear weapons such as the long range Taepodong-2 Missile and that North Korea has become 'detached from reality'
3. Mr Rudd expressed his concerns while attending the ASEAN Regional Forum, which is being attended by all ASEAN Member Nations along with the United States.
4. The Attack and Sinking of the South Korean frigate "Cheonan", the shelling of Yeonpyeong and the deliberate disobeyment of United Nations sanctions on uranium enrichment have Kevin Rudd alarmed and have made the region very unstable at this moment in time.
5. According to Mr Rudd, the North Korean Uranium Weaponisation Program is designed to put Nuclear Warheads on long range missiles and this is a direct threat to Australia. In particular, the long range Taepodong-2 Missile is being developed to have a range of over 14,000km however recent tests of the missile into the Sea of Japan have been unsuccessful.
6. Mr Rudd is trying to show that Australia is very concerned about the issues on the Korean Peninsula and he is trying to encourage high level talks between South Korea and North Korea. He is also trying to put Australia in a major player position in the conflict.Mr Rudd is also attempting to help build further our relationships with key allies such as the United States, who are against North Korea.
7. This relates greatly to Australia's relationship with its allies because it is a key issue in the Asia-Pacific region and if Australia supports South Korea, then it has the support of the United States, our major ally. If Australia is shown to be committed to the unification of Korea, then it looks good in the eyes of its allies.
2. Mr Rudd's concern is that Australia could be under direct threat from long range North Korean nuclear weapons such as the long range Taepodong-2 Missile and that North Korea has become 'detached from reality'
3. Mr Rudd expressed his concerns while attending the ASEAN Regional Forum, which is being attended by all ASEAN Member Nations along with the United States.
4. The Attack and Sinking of the South Korean frigate "Cheonan", the shelling of Yeonpyeong and the deliberate disobeyment of United Nations sanctions on uranium enrichment have Kevin Rudd alarmed and have made the region very unstable at this moment in time.
5. According to Mr Rudd, the North Korean Uranium Weaponisation Program is designed to put Nuclear Warheads on long range missiles and this is a direct threat to Australia. In particular, the long range Taepodong-2 Missile is being developed to have a range of over 14,000km however recent tests of the missile into the Sea of Japan have been unsuccessful.
6. Mr Rudd is trying to show that Australia is very concerned about the issues on the Korean Peninsula and he is trying to encourage high level talks between South Korea and North Korea. He is also trying to put Australia in a major player position in the conflict.Mr Rudd is also attempting to help build further our relationships with key allies such as the United States, who are against North Korea.
7. This relates greatly to Australia's relationship with its allies because it is a key issue in the Asia-Pacific region and if Australia supports South Korea, then it has the support of the United States, our major ally. If Australia is shown to be committed to the unification of Korea, then it looks good in the eyes of its allies.
Sunday, July 24, 2011
Australian Aid
Foreign Aid Review:
- Economic Growth is the key to overcoming long term aid.
- In the past 5 years, Australia's aid budget has doubled, and will double again in the next 5 years.
- Australia will be spending $8 Billion on foreign aid in 2015.
- Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kevin Rudd, commissioned a review of Australia's overseas aid budget.
- The Report does not really cover why the budget is growing so fast.
- Many people think the answer is obvious, helping people in need.
- Emergency Aid only makes up for 7% of the budget.
- 1 Billion people still live on less than USD $1.25 a day.
- In 1981, 54% of the World's population lived in poverty, by 2005 this had fallen 25% and in 2015 it will be less than 15%.
- Economic Growth of developing countries is the key to overcoming poverty, not foreign aid.
- The developing world has now overtaken the developed world in terms of economic output.
- Since 1990, massive economic growth in China has lifted over 500 Million people out of poverty.
- Australia's Aid program to PNG has been one of the largest and most innovative aid programs but there has been no improvement in poverty levels since independence in1975.
- Many people say that Australia is only contributing to foreign aid because it is about serving Australia's national interests.
- People also say that sending extra aid to Africa and the Caribbean is all about our bid for a place on the UN Security Council. People also say that our participation in Afghanistan is just about impressing Washington.
Wednesday, May 4, 2011
Thursday 5/5/2011: Mapping
1. There is a high pressure system currently stalled over south-eastern Australia, this is causing dry conditions in the south-eastern areas of the country, in cities including Adelaide, Sydney and Melbourne.
2. The Air Pressure in the Capital Cities for the next 4 days is:
Sydney: 1016, 1020, 1016, 1017.
Melbourne: 1026, 1027, 1018, 1018.
Adelaide: 1030, 1027, 1020, 1018.
Canberra: 1024, 1027, 1016, 1016.
Brisbane: 1016, 1018, 1016, 1017.
Hobart: 1020, 1023, 1016, 1016.
Perth: 1024, 1024, 1024, 1016.
Darwin:1012, 1012, 1012, 1008.
3. The contour interval is 6 meters, or 20 Feet.
4. The scale of the map is 2cm = 1 mile, or 2cm = 1.6km.
5. The Gradient of the slope is 6.096.
2. The Air Pressure in the Capital Cities for the next 4 days is:
Sydney: 1016, 1020, 1016, 1017.
Melbourne: 1026, 1027, 1018, 1018.
Adelaide: 1030, 1027, 1020, 1018.
Canberra: 1024, 1027, 1016, 1016.
Brisbane: 1016, 1018, 1016, 1017.
Hobart: 1020, 1023, 1016, 1016.
Perth: 1024, 1024, 1024, 1016.
Darwin:1012, 1012, 1012, 1008.
3. The contour interval is 6 meters, or 20 Feet.
4. The scale of the map is 2cm = 1 mile, or 2cm = 1.6km.
5. The Gradient of the slope is 6.096.
Wednesday, March 23, 2011
Year 10: Urban Sprawl or Consolidation: Jordan Springs
1. Jordan Springs is a very good example of Urban Sprawl because it demonstrates a perfect example of spread out low density housing which is extending away from a city centre which in this case it is on the very outskirts of Sydney however the closest CBD to Jordan Springs is Penrith, which is located about 7km away.
2. I think the development is very positive for the surrounding area of Penrith, it is providing housing for over 6000 people, it is also creating over 5000 new jobs, a new shopping centre, infrastructure, two lakes, public parks and sports oval. It is not really positive for Sydney however, because not many people who work in Sydney will take an interest because it is over 50km from the Sydney CBD, and the journey will take 1 hour in no traffic, but with the consistently bad Sydney Traffic the journey from Jordan Springs to central Sydney could take up to 2 Hours.
2. I think the development is very positive for the surrounding area of Penrith, it is providing housing for over 6000 people, it is also creating over 5000 new jobs, a new shopping centre, infrastructure, two lakes, public parks and sports oval. It is not really positive for Sydney however, because not many people who work in Sydney will take an interest because it is over 50km from the Sydney CBD, and the journey will take 1 hour in no traffic, but with the consistently bad Sydney Traffic the journey from Jordan Springs to central Sydney could take up to 2 Hours.
Sunday, March 13, 2011
Year 10: Urban Renew and Decay
Aesthetics: the sense of what people consider beautiful or culturally appropriate, varying from folk group to folk group and individual to individual.
Safety: the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions; "insure the safety of the children"; "the reciprocal of safety is risk. Safety can also be referred to as something that is designed for a certain safety perspective or purpose, such as earthquake-proof buildings and buildings built on high ground to prevent attack.
Slums: A household that lacks any one of the following five elements: access to sufficient amounts of water for family use at an affordable price, without being subject to extreme effort; access to improved sanitation, either in the form of a private toilet or a public toilet shared with a reasonable.
Decay: The process or result of being gradually decomposed; A deterioration of condition; To deteriorate, to get worse, to lose strength or health, to decline in quality; To rot, to go bad. Urban decay is a process by which a city, or a part of a city, falls into a state of disrepair and neglect. It is characterized by depopulation, economic restructuring, property abandonment, high unemployment, fragmented families, political disenfranchisement, crime, and desolate urban landscapes.
Urban Renewal: Urban Renewal (similar to urban regeneration in British English) is a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use. It is also the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums.
Transport: Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by modes, such as air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations.
Suburbanization: In some countries, declining satisfaction with the urban environment is held to blame for continuing migration to smaller towns and rural areas . Successful urban planning supported Regional planning can bring benefits to a much larger hinterland or city region and help to reduce both congestion along transport routes and the wastage of energy implied by excessive commuting.
Environmental Factors: Environmental protection and conservation are of utmost importance to many planning systems across the world. Not only are the specific effects of development to be mitigated, but attempts are made to minimize the overall effect of development on the local and global environment. This is commonly done through the assessment of Sustainable urban infrastructure and microclimate. In Europe this process is known as a Sustainability Appraisal.
Light & Sound: The urban canyon effect is a colloquial, non-scientific term referring to street space bordered by very high buildings. This type of environment may shade the sidewalk level from direct sunlight during most daylight hours. While an oft-decried phenomenon, it is rare except in very dense, hyper-tall urban environments, such as those found in Lower and Midtown Manhattan, Chicago's Loop and Kowloon in Hong Kong.
Sunday, March 6, 2011
7.6 The Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project
1. It became necessary to extend the breakwaters because the sand from the adjacent beaches was pouring into the river channel, which was making it extremely unsafe for boats and other watercraft to navigate the river entrance.
2. It would have a positive and negative effect. The beaches south of the breakwaters would benefit from the breakwater extending out into the ocean because the sand would build up against it, which would strengthen the sand amount on the beach, but the northern beaches would not benefit at all because of the breakwater. The breakwater would obstruct the sand from reaching the northern beaches and they would have a lot less sand than the southern beaches.
3. The Tweed river became unsafe to shipping because of the sand bars that were forming in the river entrance. This made it unsafe to ships to pass through here because they ran the risk of running aground or piercing their hulls.Longshore Drift is the natural process responsible for this, as the sand was pushing north and forming in the mouth of the river.
4. The dredging of the river was only a shot term solution because mainly the cost. Over the next 25 years it will cost over $50 Million to dredge regularly and the breakwaters should do a good job of keeping the sand out of the river, which will eliminate the need for dredging, or at least decrease the cost of it significantly.
5. The TRESBP Project replaces the natural process of Longshore Drift because it is an obstruction to the natural processes of Longshore Drift. The two breakwaters do not allow the water to travel along the coast, so sand will build up against the southern breakwater and at the northern end of the beach above the northern breakwater.
6. I believe that the Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project was a very good idea and it has been extremely successful, leading to it being one of the most successful coastal management strategies in Australia. I think that excellent planning has gone into the project which has prevented sand building up into the Tweed River Entrance and along with the dredging in the mouth of the river, the process of Longshore Drift has been disrupted in the entrance of the river and this has allowed it to now be safe for marine craft to navigate the entrance and the bar of the river.
7.
8. Since 1962, the distance the water has traveled up the beach is the same, however the distance up the beach on the right side has changed significantly.
9. The length of the breakwater was 100m.
2. It would have a positive and negative effect. The beaches south of the breakwaters would benefit from the breakwater extending out into the ocean because the sand would build up against it, which would strengthen the sand amount on the beach, but the northern beaches would not benefit at all because of the breakwater. The breakwater would obstruct the sand from reaching the northern beaches and they would have a lot less sand than the southern beaches.
3. The Tweed river became unsafe to shipping because of the sand bars that were forming in the river entrance. This made it unsafe to ships to pass through here because they ran the risk of running aground or piercing their hulls.Longshore Drift is the natural process responsible for this, as the sand was pushing north and forming in the mouth of the river.
4. The dredging of the river was only a shot term solution because mainly the cost. Over the next 25 years it will cost over $50 Million to dredge regularly and the breakwaters should do a good job of keeping the sand out of the river, which will eliminate the need for dredging, or at least decrease the cost of it significantly.
5. The TRESBP Project replaces the natural process of Longshore Drift because it is an obstruction to the natural processes of Longshore Drift. The two breakwaters do not allow the water to travel along the coast, so sand will build up against the southern breakwater and at the northern end of the beach above the northern breakwater.
6. I believe that the Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project was a very good idea and it has been extremely successful, leading to it being one of the most successful coastal management strategies in Australia. I think that excellent planning has gone into the project which has prevented sand building up into the Tweed River Entrance and along with the dredging in the mouth of the river, the process of Longshore Drift has been disrupted in the entrance of the river and this has allowed it to now be safe for marine craft to navigate the entrance and the bar of the river.
7.
9. The length of the breakwater was 100m.
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Monday 28/2: Summarising the TRESB Project
1. The problem that lead to the Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing project was that the process of Longshore Drift was pushing large amounts of sand into the mouth of the river, therefore blocking it and making it unsafe for civilian marine craft to navigate and use the river entrance.
2. The solution to this problem was to build breakwaters that extend out into the ocean do protect the river entrance and to disrupt the process of Longshore Drift. Also to remove the sand from the river entrance there is a dredging process that takes place however at a large cost of over $ 2 Million each year.
3. The result of the project has been largely successful, in fact it has been named as one of the most successful coastal management strategies implemented on the east coast ever. It has eliminated a large amount of sand from the mouth of the river and it is now and continuously safe to use for marine craft. The beaches above and below the breakwaters were affected.
2. The solution to this problem was to build breakwaters that extend out into the ocean do protect the river entrance and to disrupt the process of Longshore Drift. Also to remove the sand from the river entrance there is a dredging process that takes place however at a large cost of over $ 2 Million each year.
3. The result of the project has been largely successful, in fact it has been named as one of the most successful coastal management strategies implemented on the east coast ever. It has eliminated a large amount of sand from the mouth of the river and it is now and continuously safe to use for marine craft. The beaches above and below the breakwaters were affected.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Big Wave Profile - Ghost Tree
Design a blog post on your blog of a big wave site from different parts of the world. Be sure to describe the geography and the topography of the ocean floor in these areas and how this helps create these massive waves. check out http://www.extremehorizon.com/surf-shop/big_waves.html for big waves around the world.
Ghost Trees
Ghost Trees is a world famous big wave surfing location, off the coast of Pebble Beach, California. Many people say that it is scarier and larger than nearby big wave spot, Mavericks, and that it is heavier than the notorious Waimea Bay.
The waves at Ghost Trees can reach over 70 feet high (22m) and have tubes that extend over 120 yards (110m) and are as long as an American Football field. On December 4th, 2007 this now infamous surf spot claimed the life of local surfer, Peter Davi, who drowned after crashing out of a large wave.
These waves form almost just like Mavericks, which is located about 100 miles to the north. The waves form thousands of kilometers away in Alaska, and travel to Ghost Trees, breaking over an extended reef and black rock, which forms the incredibly large waves.
Ghost Trees
Ghost Trees is a world famous big wave surfing location, off the coast of Pebble Beach, California. Many people say that it is scarier and larger than nearby big wave spot, Mavericks, and that it is heavier than the notorious Waimea Bay.
These waves form almost just like Mavericks, which is located about 100 miles to the north. The waves form thousands of kilometers away in Alaska, and travel to Ghost Trees, breaking over an extended reef and black rock, which forms the incredibly large waves.
Monday, February 21, 2011
The Science of Big Waves - Classwork
Pre-Viewing:
1. Where do Ocean Waves come from? What gets them started?
Ocean waves generally come from deep out at sea where the wind blows the water, which creates a swell which will then create the waves.
2.What do you think a surfer should know about waves before they try and ride a wave while surfing?
I think a surfer should know how waves work and when and where they will break. They should also be aware of the dangers from the wave.
Questions for the Video:
1. Where do Ocean Waves come from? What gets them started?
Ocean waves generally come from deep out at sea where the wind blows the water, which creates a swell which will then create the waves.
2.What do you think a surfer should know about waves before they try and ride a wave while surfing?
I think a surfer should know how waves work and when and where they will break. They should also be aware of the dangers from the wave.
Questions for the Video:
- Observe all the waves that you see and describe how they form and break. Use as many words found in the segment for you descriptions. The waves that I viewed in the video are very large. They usually break when they are over 10 feet high and they form a large tube as the wave breaks.
- Describe how waves are formed, how they originate, and how they are measured? Waves can form, especially the maverick waves, over thousands of kilometers away. The surge of energy travels under the water which powers the wave. This energy is generally created by winds blowing on the water, pushing the water in a direction and therefore making the energy of the wave. Waves are measured usually in Periods, wave height and wave length.
- What is a maverick wave and what is special about the way it is formed? These waves only happen when the conditions are right. They are formed in the Wave Factory, around the Gulf of Alaska. Wind pushes energy into the Ocean, and the waves form and travel thousands of kilometers to the coast of Northern California. They are formed in a special way where the wave hits the rocks at the tip of the reef, slowing the wave, and the converging waves break on the shore after the energy has been concentrated on one point.
- How is energy stored and transferred during wave? Energy is stored in the bottom of the wave, where the energy twirls the water and then transfers it along, allowing the wave to travel thousands of kilometers.
- List any kind of advice given by the surfers about how to survive these “big waves.” The big wave surfers know the general physics of the waves and how they operate. They also know that the wave gets a whole lot bigger just before it breaks. They are very cautious and don't surf the wave unless they are fully confident they can handle the extreme force and pressure of the wave. They are also aware of the dangers of the wave, and that severe injury or death can occur.
Sunday, February 13, 2011
7.5 Coastal Management on the Gold Coast
Refer to the topographic map and aerial photograph on pages 164 and 165 to answer the following questions.
* Required
250 meters on the Ground.
The Contour interval of the map is 10 Meters.
9 Calculate the following:
210m
3750m
500m
It would take 12.5 Minutes walking at 5 Kilometers per hour.
The lighthouse at Point Danger is higher than the lookout on Kirra Hill.
It is a slightly uphill slope.
It is approximately 8 to 10 Meters ASL.
13 Name the human features located at the following grid references:
: Island Drive
: A bridge on Island Drive
: Point Danger Lighthouse
: The Border Park Raceway and the Pacific Highway
: The Caravan Park
: Wharfs and Houses on River TCE
14 Name the natural features located at the following grid references:
: Boyd's Island
: Terranora Inlet
: Kirra Beach
: Mount Murraba
: Sandy Island
: North Head
GR535844
There are almost no buildings in this Area Reference as it is a Sand Dredging Site.
Area Reference 5282 has a greater density of buildings because there are a lot more buildings in the area than AR 5281 since almost half of AR 5281 is the Terranora Creek.
18 Estimate the bearing of the following features from the water tank on the top of Mount Murraba:
20 Degrees
80 Degrees
175 Degrees
45 Degrees.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
7.3 Geographical Processes Shaping the Coastal Environment
Tombolo
Coastal Lagoon
Sea Cave
Headland & Sea Stacks
Blow Hole
Sand Spit
Sand Dunes
Offshore Sand Bar
Natural Bridge
Wave Cut Platform
Longshore Drift
Sunday, February 6, 2011
Coastal Management Questions 7.1
Questions 1-6
1. Describe how the settlement pattern of Australia is related to issues in the coastal environment?
The Settlement pattern of Australia is very much related to issues in the coastal environment because over 85% of the country's population is located within 50km of the coast. The majority of this population is also urban development, so many issues arise around the coast from this development, and the large population size that are located on, or near the beaches and coast.
1. Describe how the settlement pattern of Australia is related to issues in the coastal environment?
The Settlement pattern of Australia is very much related to issues in the coastal environment because over 85% of the country's population is located within 50km of the coast. The majority of this population is also urban development, so many issues arise around the coast from this development, and the large population size that are located on, or near the beaches and coast.
Sustainable development is the aim of coastal management strategies because it is designed to sustain the coastal environment and condition, so not much changes and no work must be done. This well help preserve the natural environment around the coastal areas which will reduce the amount of corrosion and erosion on the coast.
3. What trend has been labeled "Sea Change"?
Sea Change is an Australian term which describes a form of migration that involves individuals abandoning city and urban living in favour of a perceived 'easier life' in rural coastal communities.
4. Describe one government response to 'sea change'.
Coastal councils from around Australia formed the National Sea Change Taskforce in 2004 to seek ways to ensure sustainable development in their communities. As at 2008 there are 68 member councils from around Australia collectively representing more than four million residents.
5. Select four of the geographical issues facing the coastal environment presented in this unit. For each issue identify the human actions that cause the issue.
1. Erosion - Human's Can pollute the ocean with acidic and toxic chemicals such as sewage.
2. Destruction of Dunes - Humans walk through delicate dune areas, causing severe damage to them.
3. Corrosion - The wake from boats and ferries traveling through waterways can corrode rock quicker than normal.
4. Beach Nourishment - Beaches have to have sand put on them because of the threat to human development on the foreshore.
6. What role do geographers play in developing management solutions to issues in coastal environments?
Geographers play large parts in developing management solutions to issues because they can provide the evidence of an issue and can provide assistance and advice to the Government of the local councils to help solve the issue.
7.
3. What trend has been labeled "Sea Change"?
Sea Change is an Australian term which describes a form of migration that involves individuals abandoning city and urban living in favour of a perceived 'easier life' in rural coastal communities.
4. Describe one government response to 'sea change'.
Coastal councils from around Australia formed the National Sea Change Taskforce in 2004 to seek ways to ensure sustainable development in their communities. As at 2008 there are 68 member councils from around Australia collectively representing more than four million residents.
5. Select four of the geographical issues facing the coastal environment presented in this unit. For each issue identify the human actions that cause the issue.
1. Erosion - Human's Can pollute the ocean with acidic and toxic chemicals such as sewage.
2. Destruction of Dunes - Humans walk through delicate dune areas, causing severe damage to them.
3. Corrosion - The wake from boats and ferries traveling through waterways can corrode rock quicker than normal.
4. Beach Nourishment - Beaches have to have sand put on them because of the threat to human development on the foreshore.
6. What role do geographers play in developing management solutions to issues in coastal environments?
Geographers play large parts in developing management solutions to issues because they can provide the evidence of an issue and can provide assistance and advice to the Government of the local councils to help solve the issue.
7.
Dear Editor,
My name is James Geldens and I am a resident in the newly constructed development shown in the picture above. I would like to write to you to comment on the very good advantages that this development has provided, contrary to public belief. Firstly, it is located in a quiet part of the town and is very close to shops and educational institutions. It is certainly one of the most relaxing places I have ever lived. In the morning I can just open up my doors and sit calmly and quietly on the balcony, reading a book while enjoying the stunning ocean and marina scenery. Many people have said that this development makes the foreshore look ugly, however I must disagree with this. While it does look developed compared to the previous natural environment, I believe that it brings class and modernization to the foreshore of the town. I ask that these people look at this development as a plus for the town, and not a minus.
Kind Regards,
James Geldens
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