1. Urban Sprawl is the term used when a city expands outwards, often for many kilometers as opposed to Urban Consolidation, when current land in the city is redeveloped into high density accommodation.
2. Urban Consolidation is when city planners redeveloped current land and properties in a city to higher density housing or apartments. This is opposed to Urban Sprawl, as explained in Question 1.
3. A highly urbanized country is a country that has either a very large percentage of land urbanized, or a country that has the majority of its population living in an Urban Environment. Australia is an example of a highly urbanized population and Hong Kong is an example of both a country with a high percentage of land urbanized and a large percentage of population urbanized.
4. Three statistics that suggest Australia is a highly urbanized country are that it has high population density in cities, it has the majority of the population working in manufacturing and/or professional and service related industries and it is a centre for business, trade, tourism, entertainment and finance.
5. The factors that have influence the location of Australia's major cities are their location to the coast to enable easy access and transport, and access to key resources.
6. Population density is how many people live in a certain area and it is usually measured by how many people live in a square kilometer. It is often related to urban sprawl because when cities have high population density they can expand into low population density suburbs, which are essentially products of urban sprawl.
7. Most Australian cities compare around average, or slightly lower than average for major world cities.
8. The advantages of this are that the infrastructure is already built and ready for use, so no money has to be built on building new infrastructure, which can be extremely costly and time enduring.
9.
Wednesday, August 3, 2011
Urban Sprawl
1. Urban Sprawl: Northern Beaches Urban Sprawl:
The Northern Beaches are an example of Urban Sprawl as they are not a heavily built up and extend out from the centre of city to reaches that are up to 20km from the city centre. They rely on mainly buses and large roads for infrastructure and there are many shopping centres built around the beaches in the area.
Urban Consolidation: Waitara
The Suburb of Waitara, in Northern Sydney is an example of Urban Consolidation. Almost the entire suburb is made up of high density, high rise apartment buildings. The area relies on the infrastructure of CityRail's North Shore train line and the large Pacific Highway. It is also located near the main northern exit of Sydney, the Sydney to Newcastle Freeway, commonly known as the F3.
2. In Urban Consolidation, It is mainly the State Government of New South Wales that is involved in the development of high density accommodation in areas such as Waitara, however it is also the responsibility of the developers such as Meriton to build and market the buildings. It is obviously the responsibility of the State Government to develop appropriate infrastructure for the Urban Consolidation. There are also opposition groups involved that are opposed to the developments of Urban Consolidation in the Sydney Metropolitan area, many of these are citizen formed groups.
3. The New South Wales State Government is involved heavily in the process of Urban Sprawl. The Government will usually dictate which areas are to be developed as areas of urban sprawl. Examples of these are the North West Growth Sector and the South West Growth West Sector in Sydney. These are large areas that are designated to be developed into Urban Sprawl suburbs with extra infrastructure to be built for them, such as roads, bus routes and possibly new train lines.
The Development companies such as Meriton have a very large task in the process of Urban Sprawl as they are the people that design and construct the houses and villages in the Urban Sprawl areas such as the North West Growth Sector. They can also be responsible to design places such as public parks and plazas, and shopping centres.
4. There can be positive or negative responses to the issue, the obvious negative response is that there is a drastic population increase as a result of the Urban Sprawl and Urban Consolidation and this can cause a very big strain on resources in the area and the infrastructure that might not be able to cope very well with the sudden massive increase in population in the area.
The Northern Beaches are an example of Urban Sprawl as they are not a heavily built up and extend out from the centre of city to reaches that are up to 20km from the city centre. They rely on mainly buses and large roads for infrastructure and there are many shopping centres built around the beaches in the area.
Urban Consolidation: Waitara
2. In Urban Consolidation, It is mainly the State Government of New South Wales that is involved in the development of high density accommodation in areas such as Waitara, however it is also the responsibility of the developers such as Meriton to build and market the buildings. It is obviously the responsibility of the State Government to develop appropriate infrastructure for the Urban Consolidation. There are also opposition groups involved that are opposed to the developments of Urban Consolidation in the Sydney Metropolitan area, many of these are citizen formed groups.
3. The New South Wales State Government is involved heavily in the process of Urban Sprawl. The Government will usually dictate which areas are to be developed as areas of urban sprawl. Examples of these are the North West Growth Sector and the South West Growth West Sector in Sydney. These are large areas that are designated to be developed into Urban Sprawl suburbs with extra infrastructure to be built for them, such as roads, bus routes and possibly new train lines.
The Development companies such as Meriton have a very large task in the process of Urban Sprawl as they are the people that design and construct the houses and villages in the Urban Sprawl areas such as the North West Growth Sector. They can also be responsible to design places such as public parks and plazas, and shopping centres.
4. There can be positive or negative responses to the issue, the obvious negative response is that there is a drastic population increase as a result of the Urban Sprawl and Urban Consolidation and this can cause a very big strain on resources in the area and the infrastructure that might not be able to cope very well with the sudden massive increase in population in the area.
Military - Australia/United States Alliance
1. Stephen Smith is the Minister of Defence for Australia and he is in charge of the Department of Defence and the Australian Defence Force.
2. The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organisation based in Washington D.C. Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, and global economy and development.
3. The alliance plays a major role in Australia's strategic and security arrangements because we have the support of the United States in every major conflict and we are in a very strategic position on the globe.
4. The location of Australia is very important in the alliance because we are the only major US ally in the South Pacific/South East Asia region and we are in a very strategic location in anything involved with China.
5. Australia has made major contributions to this alliance in the last 50 years in things such as hosting Joint Defence Facilities in the United States and Australia, Holding and participating in major Military Training Exercises and participating in conflicts alongside the United States such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, Iraq War and the current conflict against the Taliban in Afghanistan.
6. The Minister says that Australian companies add value to the United States and the United States economy.
7. The Minister points out information about the company because it highlights the strength of joint US-Australian companies. It highlights that Australia and the United States both have a very healthy economic relationship with each other.
8. China is the country central to Australia's relationships in the region.
9. Australia is trying to foster China into emerging as a harmonious environment that does not pose a threat to world peace.
10. This is important to Australia because China will be the major world economy in just over a decade and they are a major military power so it is important to grow in conjunction with them to avoid harm to our country and our economy.
1. The United States is planning on placing permanent forces in Australia
10. This is important to Australia because China will be the major world economy in just over a decade and they are a major military power so it is important to grow in conjunction with them to avoid harm to our country and our economy.
1. The United States is planning on placing permanent forces in Australia
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